Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Calcium Chloride shopping experience:
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2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Calcium Chloride? Wrong! If the Calcium Chloride is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Calcium Chloride then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Calcium Chloride? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Calcium Chloride and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Calcium Chloride wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Calcium Chloride then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Calcium Chloride site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Calcium Chloride, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Calcium Chloride, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{Chembox new| Name = Calcium chloride| ImageFile = Calcium chloride.jpg| ImageSize = 200px| ImageName = Calcium chloride| IUPACName = calcium chloride| OtherNames = calcium(II) chloride,
calcium dichloride| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| CASNo = 10043-52-4| RTECS = EV9800000, anhydrous -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = CaCl2
CaCl2.2H2O
CaCl2.4H2O
CaCl2.6H2O | MolarMass = 110.99 g/mol, anhydrous
147.02 g/mol, dihydrate
182.04 g/mol, tetrahydrate
219.08 g/mol, hexahydrate| Appearance = white or colorless solid| Density = 2.15 g/cm³, anhydrous
0.835 g/cm³, dihydrate
1.71 g/cm³, hexahydrate| Solubility = 74.5 g/100 ml (20 °C)| MeltingPt = 772 °C (anhydrous)| BoilingPt = >1600 °C -->
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure| Coordination = octahedral, 6-coordinate] -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| EUClass = Irritant (
Xi)| NFPA-H = 1| NFPA-F =| NFPA-R =| RPhrases = | SPhrases = , , -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| OtherAnions = calcium fluoride
calcium bromide
calcium iodide
[strontium chloride -->
-->
Calcium chloride is an ion of
calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is
solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical
ionic
halide. It has several common applications such as
brine for refrigeration plants,
ice and dust control on roads, and in
cement. It can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the
Solvay process. Because of its
hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.
Chemical properties
Calcium chloride can serve as a source of calcium
ions in
solution, for instance for Precipitation (chemistry) because many calcium Chemical compound are
insoluble:
3 CaCl2(
Aqueous solution) + 2
potassium phosphate(
Aqueous solution) → calcium phosphate(
solid) + 6
potassium chloride(
Aqueous solution)
Molten CaCl2 can be
electrolysis to give calcium metal:
CaCl2(
liquid) → Ca(solid) + Cl2(gas)
Preparation
Calcium chloride is a by-product of the
Solvay process used for the manufacture of
sodium carbonate. It can also be
produced by the action of
hydrochloric acid on calcium carbonate.
Calcium carbonate(
solid) + 2
hydrochloric acid → CaCl2(Aqueous solution) + water (molecule)(liquid) +
carbon dioxide(gas)
Uses
Millions of tonnes of
calcium chloride are made each year in the US alone, and it has a variety of applications:
- Because it is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture. In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape. It can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water. In this capacity, it is known as a drying agent or desiccant. It is converted to a brine as it absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:
CaCl2 + 2 H2O → CaCl2·2H2O
The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60°
Celsius (140°Fahrenheit). This can result in
Burn (injury) if humans or other animals eat dry calcium chloride pellets. Small children are more susceptible to burns than adults (who generally have had experience trying to eat hot food, and can react accordingly), and calcium chloride pellets should be kept out of their reach.
- Aided by the intense heat evolved during its dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound. Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), it is relatively harmless to plants and soil. It is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimetres in diameter, called prills (see picture at top of page).
- It is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting. However, chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.{{cite web
| title = Accelerating Concrete Set Time
| publisherUS [Federal Highway Administration
| date =
1 June [
| url = http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/acclerat.htm
| accessmonthday = January 16 | accessyear=2007-->
- It is used for dust control on some highways, as its hygroscopic nature keeps a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down.{{cite web
| title = Dust: Don't Eat It! Control It!
| work = Road Management & Engineering Journal
| publisher = US Roads (TranSafety Inc.)
| date = 1 June [
| url = http://www.usroads.com/journals/rmej/9806/rm980603.htm
| accessmonthday = 9 August | accessyear=2006-->
- Calcium chloride tastes extremely salty and is used as an ingredient in some foods, especially Pickled cucumbers, to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content.
- It's also used as an ingredient in canned vegetables to maintain firmness.
- Used as an additive in plastics.
- Used as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment.
- Aqueous Calcium Chloride is used in genetic Transformation (genetics) of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability. This allows DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily.
- Tire ballast
- Additive in fire extinguishers
- Additive to control scaffolding in blast furnaces
- It can be used to make ersatz caviar from vegetable or fruit juices.{{cite web
| title = Apple Caviar Technique
| work = StarChefs Studio
| publisher = StarChefs.com
| date = April 2004
| url = http://www.starchefs.com/events/studio/techniques/FAdria/index.shtml
| accessmonthday = 9 August | accessyear=2006-->
- It is used in Glacéau and some sports drinks as an Electrolyte
- It is used to make fabric softener thinner.
- It is used in Emergency Medicine to treat Calcium Channel Blocker toxicity with overdoses of drugs such as Diltiazem (Cardizem). It is also used to treat certain electrolyte imbalances along with Calcium Gluconate.
- It is used in Nestle pure life bottled water for taste.
- It is also used to induce competence for DNA uptake in experiments involving uptake of DNA from outside the cell.
- It is added to store-bought milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein for the purposes of making cheese
- It is used in many 'self heating' food products where it is activated (mixed) with water to start the heating process.
Precautions
Calcium chloride is an irritant; wear gloves and goggles to protect hands and eyes; avoid inhalation.
Although calcium chloride is relatively safe to handle, care should be taken that it is not ingested. Calcium chloride reacts
exothermic reaction with water and can burn the mouth and esophagus.
References
General references
-
- Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1184
- Calcium Chloride Handbook from Dow Chemical (pdf 1.6MB)
- Report on steel corrosion by chloride including CaCl2
{{Chembox new| Name = Calcium chloride| ImageFile = Calcium chloride.jpg| ImageSize = 200px| ImageName = Calcium chloride| IUPACName = calcium chloride| OtherNames = calcium(II) chloride,
calcium dichloride| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| CASNo = 10043-52-4| RTECS = EV9800000, anhydrous -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = CaCl2
CaCl2.2H2O
CaCl2.4H2O
CaCl2.6H2O | MolarMass = 110.99 g/mol, anhydrous
147.02 g/mol, dihydrate
182.04 g/mol, tetrahydrate
219.08 g/mol, hexahydrate| Appearance = white or colorless solid| Density = 2.15 g/cm³, anhydrous
0.835 g/cm³, dihydrate
1.71 g/cm³, hexahydrate| Solubility = 74.5 g/100 ml (20 °C)| MeltingPt = 772 °C (anhydrous)| BoilingPt = >1600 °C -->
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure| Coordination = octahedral, 6-coordinate] -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| EUClass = Irritant (
Xi)| NFPA-H = 1| NFPA-F =| NFPA-R =| RPhrases = | SPhrases = , , -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| OtherAnions = calcium fluoride
calcium bromidecalcium iodide
[strontium chloride -->
-->
Calcium chloride is an ion of
calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is
deliquescent. It is a
salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical
ionic halide. It has several common applications such as
brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement. It can be produced directly from
limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.
Chemical properties
Calcium chloride can serve as a source of calcium
ions in
solution, for instance for Precipitation (chemistry) because many calcium Chemical compound are
insoluble:
3 CaCl2(Aqueous solution) + 2 potassium phosphate(
Aqueous solution) → calcium phosphate(
solid) + 6
potassium chloride(Aqueous solution)
Molten CaCl2 can be electrolysis to give
calcium metal:
CaCl2(
liquid) → Ca(
solid) + Cl2(gas)
Preparation
Calcium chloride is a by-product of the
Solvay process used for the manufacture of sodium carbonate. It can also be produced by the action of
hydrochloric acid on
calcium carbonate.
Calcium carbonate(solid) + 2 hydrochloric acid → CaCl2(
Aqueous solution) + water (molecule)(
liquid) + carbon dioxide(
gas)
Uses
Millions of
tonnes of
calcium chloride are made each year in the US alone, and it has a variety of applications:
- Because it is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture. In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape. It can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water. In this capacity, it is known as a drying agent or desiccant. It is converted to a brine as it absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:
CaCl2 + 2 H2O → CaCl2·2H2O
The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60°
Celsius (140°
Fahrenheit). This can result in
Burn (injury) if humans or other animals eat dry calcium chloride pellets. Small children are more susceptible to burns than adults (who generally have had experience trying to eat hot food, and can react accordingly), and calcium chloride pellets should be kept out of their reach.
- Aided by the intense heat evolved during its dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound. Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), it is relatively harmless to plants and soil. It is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimetres in diameter, called prills (see picture at top of page).
- It is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting. However, chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.{{cite web
| title = Accelerating Concrete Set Time
| publisherUS [Federal Highway Administration
| date = 1 June [
| url = http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/acclerat.htm
| accessmonthday = January 16 | accessyear=2007-->
- It is used for dust control on some highways, as its hygroscopic nature keeps a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down.{{cite web
| title = Dust: Don't Eat It! Control It!
| work = Road Management & Engineering Journal
| publisher = US Roads (TranSafety Inc.)
| date =
1 June [
| url = http://www.usroads.com/journals/rmej/9806/rm980603.htm
| accessmonthday = 9 August | accessyear=2006-->
- Calcium chloride tastes extremely salty and is used as an ingredient in some foods, especially Pickled cucumbers, to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content.
- It's also used as an ingredient in canned vegetables to maintain firmness.
- Used as an additive in plastics.
- Used as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment.
- Aqueous Calcium Chloride is used in genetic Transformation (genetics) of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability. This allows DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily.
- Tire ballast
- Additive in fire extinguishers
- Additive to control scaffolding in blast furnaces
- It can be used to make ersatz caviar from vegetable or fruit juices.{{cite web
| title = Apple Caviar Technique
| work = StarChefs Studio
| publisher = StarChefs.com
| date = April 2004
| url = http://www.starchefs.com/events/studio/techniques/FAdria/index.shtml
| accessmonthday = 9 August | accessyear=2006-->
- It is used in Glacéau and some sports drinks as an Electrolyte
- It is used to make fabric softener thinner.
- It is used in Emergency Medicine to treat Calcium Channel Blocker toxicity with overdoses of drugs such as Diltiazem (Cardizem). It is also used to treat certain electrolyte imbalances along with Calcium Gluconate.
- It is used in Nestle pure life bottled water for taste.
- It is also used to induce competence for DNA uptake in experiments involving uptake of DNA from outside the cell.
- It is used in many cheese recipes such as brie (cheese) and stilton (cheese) cheese.
- It is added to store-bought milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein for the purposes of making cheese
- It is used in many 'self heating' food products where it is activated (mixed) with water to start the heating process.
Precautions
Calcium chloride is an irritant; wear gloves and goggles to protect hands and eyes; avoid inhalation.
Although calcium chloride is relatively safe to handle, care should be taken that it is not ingested. Calcium chloride reacts
exothermic reaction with water and can burn the mouth and
esophagus.
References
General references
-
- Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1184
- Calcium Chloride Handbook from Dow Chemical (pdf 1.6MB)
- Report on steel corrosion by chloride including CaCl2
Calcium Chloride - Information Website by Fine Chem Trading (UK)
Calcium Chloride - Extended Product Information Pages by Fine Chem Trading (UK) ... Fine Chem Trading - UK. This product information website is brought ...
Calcium Chloride - MSDS
Calcium Chloride - MSDS ... Note: This is a typical MSDS for Calcium Chloride. This document is provided as is and is for information purposes only.
Calcium chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calcium chloride (CaCl 2), is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and ...
Safety (MSDS) data for calcium chloride (anhydrous)
Safety (MSDS) data for calcium chloride (anhydrous) Safety data for calcium chloride (anhydrous) Click here for data on calcium chloride in student-friendly format, from the HSci ...
Chemical Safety Data: Calcium chloride
Chemical Safety Data: Calcium chloride ... Common synonyms: Various trade names when sold for use as a de-icing chemical
Calcium Chloride
The Dow Calcium Chloride site, including the ice melter / deicer PELADOW, LIQUIDOW, COMBOTHERM and DOWFLAKE.
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
This Calcium Chloride profile summarizes product uses and health, safety and environmental considerations.
calcium chloride
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home . GENERAL INFORMATION . Description: An inorganic multi-use compound used for fruit ...
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
1. Product Identification Synonyms: calcium dichloride; calcium chloride anhydrous; Caltac®; Dowflake CAS No.: 10043-52-4
Concrete & Calcium Chloride
Why Calcium Chloride in Concrete? Investigations have shown that a two per cent addition of calcium chloride has equal cure strength at 50F as plain concrete ...
